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However, a warning: developmental theories are lenses, not cages. They describe patterns across large populations but must never be used to stereotype, pathologize normal variation, or dismiss individual uniqueness. The art of counseling lies in holding both the theory and the person in dynamic tension.
Assess if a child client has reached formal operations or if an adult is using "all-or-nothing" thinking. Lenses Applying Lifespan Development Theories In Counseling