Enter Ferrum Capital. According to the complaint filed in June 2021, Ferrum agreed to provide a massive $35 million PIPE investment. In exchange, Hightower made a critical concession: they agreed to pay Ferrum a if the merger failed to close by a specific drop-dead date.

The Ferrum Capital lawsuit of 2021 is more than a footnote; it serves as a cautionary tale for funders and borrowers alike.

The remains a seminal case in the alternative finance and legal funding sector. While the confidential settlement prevented a definitive appellate ruling on the usury versus investment question, the case produced several concrete takeaways:

Here is a piece summarizing the key elements of that case.

New York usury laws cap interest rates on loans at 16% for corporations (and 25% for non-bank lenders). The defendant argued Ferrum’s 2.5x multiplier effectively represented an annual interest rate exceeding 150%—making the agreement criminally usurious and thus unenforceable. Ferrum countered that litigation funding is not a "loan" but an "investment" in a legal asset, exempt from usury laws. This became the central legal battleground.

: Co-founders of Lubbock-based Ferrum Capital (founded in 2017).

Ferrum wasn't a bank; it was a private credit fund. The case highlighted how alternative lenders can use legal engineering (breakup fees) to generate yield in a zero-close scenario. Regulators have since flagged this as a potential systemic risk in private credit.

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