It details the shifts in policy across different administrations—from Indira Gandhi’s 1974 "Peaceful Nuclear Explosion" to Atal Bihari Vajpayee’s 1998 tests. 2. A Culture of Secrecy
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At first glance, “weapons” and “peace” seem contradictory. Chengappa masterfully uses this oxymoron to explain India’s nuclear doctrine. Unlike the aggressive nuclear postures of the Cold War superpowers, India’s bomb was conceived as a “weapon of peace”—a deterrent against aggression, particularly from China and Pakistan. It details the shifts in policy across different